WhatsApp Button
WhatsApp

Archives

Volume 5 Number 1 January 2019

Impact of Self-Control, Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior on Financial Well-Being


Authors: Waqar Younas ; Tariq Javed ; K. Ramanathan Kalimuthu ; Muhammad Farooq ; Faisal Khalil-ur-Rehman ; Valliappan Raju
Pages: 211-218
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.211.218
Abstract
Financial knowledge is empowering the new generation of the 21st century in the era of transformative marketing (Kumar, 2018), which leads to the well-planned financial structure for long terms. However, it is imperative to know that on what scales they are managing their budgets. Understanding the impact of selfcontrol, financial literacy, and financial behavior is very vital for living a successful life (Sarstedt  et al., 2017). The literature shows, people with good self-control and financial literacy tend to behave well compared to people with less self-control and financial literacy. This study examines the relationship between self-control financial literacy, financial behavior and financial wellbeing. A survey was conducted on 416 people from educational institutions, corporate sectors and food courts in Pakistan to empirically examine the impact of self-control and financial literacy on financial behavior and financial well-being of people. Better self-control and financial literacy lead to greater financial well-being. This research paper concludes that self-control and financial literacy affect financial well-being through financial behavior. Financial literacy has a significant direct impact on financial wellbeing, however the direct impact of self-control on financial well-being is insignificant. Impact of financial behavior on financial well-being is stronger than the impacts of financial literacy and self-control on financial well-being. This paper will be useful for economists and companies in Pakistan to better understand consumer market and to make decisions accordingly.

Sustainability Indicator Analysis of Creative Tourism by Using the Delphi Technique: Case Study of Creative Tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand


Authors: Jeeranan Thongsamak ; Dr. Rungrawee Jitpakdee
Pages: 201-210
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.201.210
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the indicators used for analyzing the sustainability of creative tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand, and to propose the guidelines for sustainable management. This research was carried out by mixed methods. The researcher used the Delphi Technique to determine the sustainability indicators from 21 experts, and 10 indicators were selected from 3 sustainabilities to be designated for the questionnaires. The qualitative data was collected from 50 tourism entrepreneurs and the quantitative data was collected from 400 tourists, both Thai tourists and foreign tourists. The research results revealed that the creative tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat province had the management in accordance with the sustainability guidelines of creative tourism, had the highest social and cultural sustainability, and should be enhanced and develop other indicators further. There were interesting points in all 3 dimensions for the sustainable development such as to emphasize the crucial problem solving, which was, waste management, to promote the admission fees for tourist attractions, to select the local materials, to employ local labor, manage reasonable wages, develop labor skills, participate in the cultural activities of localities, exchange experiences and apply all suggestions from the tourists for developing tourist attractions to meet the tourists’ needs, and develop the basic public utilities not against the community livelihoods.

Core Competencies and Employability: The Mediating Roles of Digital Literacy and Learning Strategies


Authors: Kyu Tae Kim
Pages: 190-200
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.190.200
Abstract
This study examined the mediating roles of digital literacy and learning strategies in the influence of core competencies on employability. Participants of this study were 916 college students in 10 Korean colleges. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation analysis, and structural equation modelling. The results showed that core competency had a positive effect on employability. Learning strategies mediated the influence of core competence on employability; digital literacy did not. There was a significant multi-mediated effect of digital literacy through learning strategy on the influence of core competence on employability. These findings suggest that college students need to develop such strategies for themselves or participate in structured programs provided by their colleges to make effective use of learning strategies. Also, because learning strategy may be a catalyst for digital literacy, it is indispensable for college teachers to point out the effective use of learning strategies using mainly digital devices and resources. It is necessary to conduct follow-up research such as experimental and quasi-experimental research to verify the influence of core competencies on employability depending on learners’ characteristics such as learning styles, self-efficacy, and achievement goal orientations.

How Leader-Follower Relations Influence Nurses’ Intention to Stay: An Investigation in a Thai Sample


Authors: Chuchai Smithikrai ; Thanatchaphorn Phetkham
Pages: 183-189
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.183.189
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate how leader-follower relations may affect nurses’ intention to stay by proposing and testing a serial mediation model. Using anonymous questionnaire survey, the sample consisted of 403 registered nurses from private hospitals in Thailand. The PROCESS macro (Model 6) was used to test the hypotheses regarding the serial mediating effects. As predicted, the results indicate that leader-follower relations have both direct and indirect effects on nurses’ intention to stay. Moreover, the relationship between leader-follower relations and intention to stay is serially mediated by psychological empowerment, work-life balance, and career satisfaction. It was concluded that the presence of high-quality leader-follower relations create a supportive work context in which nurses are more psychologically empowered, experience greater work-life balance, feel more satisfied with their career, and are more likely to stay at their job.

A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis on Practicum Satisfaction of the Vietnamese Business Students


Authors: Prof. Dr. Shih-Tseng Tina Huang ; M. A. Vinh-Long Tran-Chi ; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Feng-Bin Wang ; M. A. Quy Van Le
Pages: 172-182
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.172.182
Abstract
Practicum in a given host company provides an opportunity for Business students to practice and enhance their knowledge and skills that can likely promote their motivation and later marketability.  In doing the practicum, students are not only considered as learners, but they are also regarded as workers in the job force. Many students might need support from their universities as well as from the supporting system in the host companies. The purpose of this research was to investigate the students’ satisfaction with their practicum programs and the individual and organizational factors that would affect it.  Participants were 269 (68 males and 201 females) sophomore and junior undergraduate Business students from a university of southern Vietnam. Each completed a survey collected after they finished their practicum which consists of demographic information, questions about the organizational factors (19 items), individual factors (20 items), and overall practicum satisfaction (4 items).  Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and deleted 6 items to achieve convergent and discriminant validity. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the potential mediating effects of organizational factors on the relationship between individual factors and Practicum satisfaction. Results showed the direct effect between individual factors and Practicum satisfaction. A further multi-group analysis found a similar pattern of the path on females and males. The results suggest the student’s knowledge and skills are crucial factors which related to their practicum satisfaction, organizational factors, on the other hand, are positively correlated with individual factors, however, do not affect their practicum satisfaction.

Readiness of Private Islamic Religious Universities in Supporting Policy Implementation for the Regulation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016


Authors: A. Rusdiana ; Nasihudin
Pages: 166-171
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.166.171
Abstract
This study aims to determine the readiness of Private Islamic Religious Universities in supporting the implementation for the Regulation of The Ministry of Religious Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia Number 1 Of 2016, concerning Certificate of Diploma Supplement. This policy, in fact, has been implemented since January 12, 2016. This study uses a qualitative approach, research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of utterances or scripts and behavior of the people observed. The qualitative approach is expected to get an in-depth description of the utterances, scripts and behavior of the people observed. Data analysis is done through; data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study show that; PIRU Human Resources Region II West Java and Banten are not ready to implement Certificate of Diploma Supplement, because it is still in the phase of preparation; infrastructure as a support in implementing policies is still minimal, and organizational commitment has not fully supported the implementation of the DSC implementation policy.

Morale, Training, Commitment and Safety of Malaysian Army Infantry Officers during Flood Disaster Response Missions


Authors: Rayyan Cheong Tian Ming ; Nur Hidayah Roslan ; Haslinda Abdullah ; Rosmah Mohamed
Pages: 159-165
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.159.165
Abstract
An effective disaster response is crucial to any organizations. When a disaster happens, the response must be fast, coordinated and appropriate so that it will minimize the human and economic cost of disaster. In Malaysia, several states of the Peninsular are frequently affected by flooding during the monsoon season. The military has played a crucial role in disaster management and relief. The Malaysian Army are well trained in terms of combat. However, little is known about their effectiveness in handling disaster operations. The objective of this research is to examine Malaysian Army Infantry Officers’ morale, training, safety and commitment to disaster responses in the context of flood disasters in Malaysia. This research found that training, commitment, morale and safety are the critical factors that influence effective disaster responses in the Malaysian Army. This study’s methodology is descriptive and exploratory, using qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out through conducting interviews and focus groups with Malaysian Army Infantry Officers located in the Central region, Northern region, Southern region and East Coast who have been involved in flood disaster operations for the past three years. Data collected were transcribed, categorized and grouped into themes. This research found that even without specific training in disaster relief, the Malaysian Army Infantry officers are inspired, positive and ever ready to take up the responsibilities given, and that they execute them wholehearted during disaster responses. In addition, in terms of safety, the Malaysian Army has safety guidelines and protocols to protect its soldiers during disaster missions.

The Measurement Model of Virtual Instructional Leadership: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach


Authors: Mohd Yusri Ibrahim ; Mat Rahimi Yusof ; Masduki Mohammad Morni ; Mohammad Mahdi Abas ; Kasawani Ibrahim ; Azhar Mohd Sinin ; Mohammad Zaidi Mahadi
Pages: 153-158
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.153.158
Abstract
Virtual instructional leadership model (VILM) consists of seven constructs namely communicating the school’s goals, supervising and evaluating instruction, monitoring students’ progress, providing incentives for teachers, providing incentives for students, integrating mobile technology and getting involved in community support. The objectives of the study were to develop a computational of measurement model, evaluate and prove the suggested construct and indicators for VILM among principals. Data from 155 respondents collected through questionnaire were analyzed using AMOS version 22. The suggested constructs and indicators were considered accepted as measurement elements by observing a regression weight for loading factor, average variance extracted (AVE) for convergent validity, composite reliability (CR) for item reliability, the square root of AVE (√AVE) for discriminant validity, and at least three fit indexes for model fitness.  The findings showed that all constructs were significant (FL= 0.80-0.91; AVE= 0.646-0.944; CR= 0.834-0.960). Finally, this study was successfully developed a measurement model of virtual instructional leadership model. Therefore, these models can be used for school leaders, accessed future research or any type of program in order to improve the instructional leadership.

Strategies of Reduce Customer’s No-show Probability at Restaurants


Authors: Kuo-Pin Li ; Shieh-Liang Chen ; Wen-Hong Chiu ; Wen-Cheng Lu
Pages: 145-152
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.145.152
Abstract
No-show reduction at restaurants can not only mitigate losses incurred when customers fail to honor a booking but also affect consumers’ reservation behaviors. This study analyzed the ability of restaurant booking policies to mitigate no-shows as well as the negative impacts. We summarize the results of the interview and suggest four mitigating No-Show policies for restaurants; they are Re-offering seats, Overbooking, Partial reservations, and No-show penalties. These four methods are also the most common mitigation No-Show policies for restaurants. A survey was conducted to understand the booking policies of the Taiwanese restaurant industry. The findings indicated that each sector of the restaurant industry possesses unique characteristics. This study shows that restaurant differentiation is important in setting booking policies. Reservation no-shows cause problems to wasted capacity and result in restaurants’ losses. Our goal is to solve the wasted capacity and mitigation no-show loss, and to offer recommendations on what restaurants should do. Study was found that the restaurant operators generally believed that it was effective to have no-show penalty. Only each restaurant still has its own operating factors that affect its execution ability; the study also found that restaurants of different sizes may have variant reservation policies

Analysis of Differences in Core Competencies According to Major, Grade and Gender of Korean University Students


Authors: Lee Kyunghwa ; Yang Heyjin
Pages: 139-144
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.139.144
Abstract
In order to achieve global competitiveness, university students should have core competency as creative convergent talent that can actively respond to changes, recreate culture with new ideas, and play a leadership role in a constantly diversifying society. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the core competencies of university students according to their major, grade, and gender, and to develop differentiated and systematic curriculum based on this. In this study, a core competency test (by S University, 2016) was conducted on 5770 students in years 1 to 4 at “S University” in Seoul. We analyzed the core competencies of students (creative competence, convergence competence, community competence, communication competence, leadership competence, and global competence) according to their major, grade, and gender. The results showed that there were differences in the 6 core competencies among college students according to their majors(p<.05): creativity and convergence competence were the highest in Art and the lowest in Law and Sports; communication and leadership competence were the highest in the convergence specialized free majors, and the lowest in Art; the highest communication competence was found in the humanities, and the lowest in convergence specialized free majors; global competence was the highest in the humanities, and lowest in the sports majors; Overall the six core competencies of Soongsil are the highest among those students in the convergence specialization. In addition, there were differences in core competencies among Korean university students according to the year of study students were(p<.05) in all 6 core competencies (p<.05), with the students in the 4th year being the highest in all 6 core competencies including the core competency total. The core competence of students was found to be higher in males than females in all areas of creativity, convergence, global competence and core competence, except communication. Based on these results, universities should develop appropriate curriculum considering majors, grade, and gender in order to effectively cultivate core competencies of students.

Flipping the Undergraduate Classroom: A Case Study


Authors: Arumugam Raman ; Mohan Rathakrishnan ; Raamani Thannimalai
Pages: 134-138
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.134.138
Abstract
Rapid development in information and communication technology (ICT) is changing the instructional strategies in Higher Education.  This study aimed to identify the level of self-efficacy of B.Ed. (IT) undergraduates of a local University in a flipped classroom. Further it also investigated gender difference among the undergraduates self-efficacy in the classroom. A group of 35 student selected using convenience sampling method. This group divided into Group 1 as control group and Group 2 as intervention. Group one consists of 17 students and two consist of 18 students. Initially the two classes answered pre-survey questionnaire of self-efficacy. Then control group was exposed to conventional teaching whereas intervention group intervened with Padlet. Data were analyzed with SPSS and revealed the intervention group has high Cohen effect (d) = .53, which is considered moderate size compared Cohen effect (d) = .17, considered small. This study clearly exhibits intervention group has better self-efficacy than control group. Further, the effect size of control group revealed decline in self-efficacy. In study exhibits there is no difference by gender in terms of self-efficacy. It is expected further study should be conducted by taking in to account sample size, duration of intervention, and method.

Planning Mechanism for a Social Development Strategy in Post-Forced Displacement Anbar Governorate


Authors: Thaer  S. Mahmood
Pages: 121-133
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.121.133
Abstract
Anbar society suffers many serious problems after the stage of forced displacement that was caused by ISIL terrorism. Major among these problems are the social problems, like social and family disintegration and locality and tribal tendencies, which have far serious consequences and themselves became the focal point of other negative consequences. Seen from this perspective the current paper seeks to be a step towards the achievement of social peace in the governorate and promote social development through real local reconciliation. The paper proposes an instant mechanism for a social development strategy that comprises programs and procedures that can be followed and be part of development plans of other sectors in the future. The paper adopts the analytical-descriptive method which is suitable in such studies. The paper includes a study of the social status of the governorate, a description of the situation of the displaced and returnees, serial procedures for the study of the proposed strategy like quadruple analysis and regional diagnosis of Anbar society, identifying priorities according to the primary and secondary aims that lead to the strategic programs and their future projects which focus on the integration of all denominations of society and giving priority to youth and females in the achievement of social development in the already weakened Anbar society. The paper draws on data from the international organizations, civil society organizations, the ministry of planning, and Anbar governorate. The paper comes up with conclusions, recommendations, and procedural suggestions to serve anbar society and participate in the achievement and promotion of a sustainable social development in Anbar governorate.

Bullying at School and Impact of Empathy Training


Authors: Zulkarnain ; Ade Rahmawati Siregar ; Elvi Andriani Yusuf ; Putri Wahyuni
Pages: 117-120
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.117.120
Abstract
Bullying at school creates of an insecure, and uncomfortable academic environment. It can lead to violence, antisocial behavior, and other negative behaviors. This study is aimed at examining the effectiveness of empathy training to decrease bullying behavior. This research method was quasi-experimental which was conducted between the group/pretest-posttest control group design. The subject were students of State Junior High school. The result showed that empathy training helped in decreasing bullying behavior among perpetrators, by educating them on the unpleasant conditions faced by victims of this inhumane act. This research also reveals that perpetrators can maintain a peaceful and conducive learning environment through empathy training, thereby, cohabitating and socializing better with their friends.

Exploring Sociology of Education in the Promotion of Sustainability Literacy in Higher Education


Authors: Sandro Serpa ; Maria José Sá
Pages: 101-116
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.101.116
Abstract
Sustainability, sustainable development and education for sustainable development are increasingly central concepts, both in social practice and in the field of scientific knowledge. Sociology, and in particular Sociology of Education as a specialized Sociology, can provide relevant contributions in its promotion. This article aims to explore the importance of Sociology of Education in promoting sustainability literacy in higher education, using the Sustainable Development Goals and key competencies (United Nations and UNESCO) as the central reference in this field, and intends, thus, to become an added contribution for this discussion. The article seeks to demonstrate that the learning of sustainability literacy would benefit from the use of a sociological stance throughout this whole process that considers dimensions that are often not directly emphasized and articulated between each other, such as: interconnection of scale levels, sociological imagination, multi-paradigmatic nature, heuristic interdisciplinarity, reflexivity and use of Sociology for action.

The Influence of Self Care on Mindful Consumption Behaviour


Authors: Syahrul Hezrin Mahmud ; Marhana Mohamed Anuar ; Muhammad Abi Sofian Abdul Halim ; Azizul Yadi Yaakop
Pages: 94-100
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.94.100
Abstract
The progress and the developmental changes in consumer behavior have been obvious for eras. The major transformation in the new consumer behavior because of the current economic and financial situation has become the major concern with sustainable consumption as its prime focus. This paper discusses the empirical finding from the preliminary study based on the research of Mindful Consumption (MC). The study is expected to explore the mindful consumption behavior (MCB) among working people. The role of mindful mindset, specifically self care in influencing MCB in Malaysia, will be the main subject of this study. The data was collected by using questionnaires that were converted into the Google Form prior the study. Forty-five responses were secured from an online survey which was conducted for a month and those responses were automatically being stored in Google Form platform. SPSS version 23 was used to retrieve the data from the online storage and to analyze relevant statistical measurement. The result of Pearson Correlation analysis has indicated the positive influence of self care on MCB.

Coping With Foreign Wives’ Special Needs in Korean Emergency Management


Authors: Kyoo-Man Ha ; Kwang-Il Kim ; Byung In Min
Pages: 85-93
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.85.93
Abstract
This article examines how Korea has to improve its current measures to meet the special needs of foreign wives by applying the principles of transnational emergency management. The current private-led approach and the future-oriented public-led approach are systematically compared in terms of four factors: the central government, local governments, volunteers, and family. For the methodology, literature review is utilized. The key finding is that Korea has to rapidly transform its private-led approach toward the ultimate purpose of having a public-led approach. The research is valuable because it studies, for the first time, the special needs of foreign wives in Korea from the viewpoint of emergency management.

An Intertextuality Perspective on Noah’s Story in the Quran


Authors: Abdel Rahman Mitib Altakhaineh
Pages: 78-84
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.78.84
Abstract
This study aims to analyse verses from the Quran in relation to Noah’s story from an intertextuality perspective. The analysis focuses on three main aspects, namely, unravelling the discoursal meaning of ʔardˁ ‘land’ in comparison with ʔalʔardˁ ‘the earth’, describing the size of Noah’s Ark, and identifying the types of animals which Noah took with him on the Ark. Based on the discoursal meaning of ʔardˁ ‘land’, several implications arise in relation to Noah’s story in the Quran. Adopting intertextuality as a linguistic-analysis technique provides evidence that Noah’s story could have been misinterpreted by Islamic scholars.

The Mediating Role of Total Quality Management between Human Resource Practices, Information Technology Infrastructure and Performance of Pakistan Public Hospitals


Authors: Muhammad Qasim Maqbool  ; Badariah Haji Din
Pages: 67-77
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.67.77
Abstract
Health care sector in developing countries is striving for sustainable performance, where total quality management and national culture has considered as a key strategy for the hospitals to become more effective. Although, to understand the diverse perceptions of health care sector performance, this study aims to examine the impact of  information technology infrastructure (ITI), human resource management practices (HRM) on the health care sector performance in Pakistan with the mediating effect of total quality management and the moderating role of national culture. However, this research used SmartPLS (SEM) 3.0 for the analysis of survey data (n = 249) collected from doctors working in public hospitals of Pakistan. Empirical results found that from six direct hypothesis,five have a direct strong relationship with total quality management (TQM) and organization performance (OP). Where, total quality management mediates the relationship between HRM and organization performance except ITI. Finally, national culture moderated the relationship between TQM and organization performance.

Bureaucratic Reform to the Human Resouces: A Case Study on the One-Stop Integrated Service


Authors: Yusriadi ; Abdul Sahid ; Indriati Amirullah ; Abdul Azis ; Anne Abdul Rahman
Pages: 61-66
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.61.66
Abstract
Bureaucratic reform is an effort to make improvements made to the system of organizing matters relating to being institutional, business, and human resources aspects of the apparatus. Human resources are one of the most important factors that cannot even be released by an organization. This study aims to analyze and explain the reform of human resources and their implications for public services in Indonesia. The type of research used is descriptive-qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used is interviews and documentation. The instruments in this study were the researchers themselves, while the informants used purposive techniques. Data analysis techniques are "interactive models" which include the public, data condensation, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that the implementation of employee capacity building in a one-stop integrated service was well implemented, this was influenced by several factors such as education, training, and assignment, employees understood the responsibilities in carrying out the tasks given by superiors and providing services to the people. The behavior of the apparatus needs to be corrected so that they are oriented to productivity and quality of work and prioritize the benefits of the general public and social justice.

The Relationship Between Cash Flow and Profitability of Insurance Companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan


Authors: Fouzan Al Qaisi
Pages: 51-60
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.51.60
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship between the main factors of Cash Flows (Operating activities, investing activities, and Financing activities) and the profitability measured by Earnings per Share (EPS). The sample included five insurance companies listed in Amman stock exchange (ASE) during the period (2011-2015). To achieve the goal of the paper, and to analyze the data extracted from the annual reports, the paper used simple and multiple liner regression method. The results of the paper revealed that there is a significant impact of element of Cash Flows (Operating activities, investing activities, and Financing activities) on Profitability measured by (EPS).

A Study on the Mediating Effect of Learning Orientation on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Employee Lifelong Learning


Authors: Yu-Hsia Ho ; Shieh-Liang Chen ; Ting-Hao Hsieh
Pages: 48-50
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.48.50
Abstract
The objective of this study was to confirm the mediating effects of learning orientation on the relationship between transformational leadership and employee lifelong learning. To achieve this, we distributed questionnaires to 800 employees, of which 512 valid questionnaires were received. We then employed hierarchical regression analysis to test our hypotheses. Results confirmed that transformational leadership has a positive influence on employee lifelong learning, and that this relationship is mediated by learning orientation. Based on these results, we conclude by making recommendations for both organizational management practices and future research.

Analysis of School Climate of Senior High Schools in Jember: A Case Study of Student in History Lesson


Authors: Akhirul Ariyanto ; Nurul Umamah ; Sumarjono
Pages: 40-47
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.40.47
Abstract
This paper analyzed of the school climate of senior high school students in Jember in the history lesson context. The purposes of this study are: (1) analyzing the school climate of senior high school students in Jember in the history lesson context; (2) examining the difference of school climate of senior high schools in jember. The total samples involved were 375 students. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the difference by using SPSS 23 for windows program. The results showed that the mean value of school climate of SMA 1 Jember 3.66; SMA 2 Jember 3:47; SMA 3 Jember 3:20; SMA 4 Jember 3:39 and; SMA 5 Jember 3:40. The result of the ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference of school climate of the senior high school students in Jember in the history lesson context (f = 4.789; Sig.0,001). The largest difference of significance level was shown by the sample group of SMA 1 Jember and SMA 3 Jember (mean differences = 0.46611). The school climate of SMA 1 Jember has very significant difference compared to the school climate of SMA 3 Jember.

The Psychometric Properties of an Intrinsic Motivation Scale in Conducting Research: The Application of Rasch Measurement Model


Authors: Kamal Badrasawi ; Faizah Idrus ; Afareez Abd Razak ; Nik A. Hisham
Pages: 28-39
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.28.39
Abstract
Research culture a system that posits importance to conducting and communicating scholarly research, is highly expected from academic staff in the higher learning institutions. Skillful academics with high levels of (intrinsic) motivation in conducting research are most likely needed to achieve the desired research culture. Therefore, a research project has been conducted to examine the possibility of understanding and promoting research culture at a public university in Malaysia. Distinctive instruments were developed to achieve the purpose. This paper, thus, is aimed at examining the psychometric properties of a 44-item survey instrument developed to delve into the academic staff’s intrinsic motivation in conducting research. The survey was administered to 326 academic staff from various faculties in a public university. The Rasch Measurement Model, which provides evidences on the fundamental measurement requirements of research instrument, was used to analyse the psychometric properties of the survey instrument using the Winsteps software program. The results of the Rasch analysis combined with qualitative investigation showed that the survey measured two distinct subscales or sub-dimensions of intrinsic motivation (namely positive and negative), which should be carried out separately in the final analysis. The resulted two subscales met the measurement requirements as evidenced by the individual analyses of the Rasch Model. Three misfit items were deleted from the second subscale (i.e. positive). Further items could be added to the two subscales to target the respondents with high ability measures. Recommendations were also given to revise the 5-point Likert scale used in the surveys in other related studies.

Managerial Issues and Challenges of Manager in Muhammadiyah Health Center (AUMAKES), Yogyakarta, Indonesia


Authors: Qurrotul Aini
Pages: 23-27
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.23.27
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the managerial issues and challenges of managers in Muhammadiyah Heath Center, Yogyakarta Indonesia. Questionnaires and interview based method was used for collecting data and focus group disscussion (FGD) was applied for explore valuable information. 29 participants from Mother and child Hospital of (RSIA) ‘Aisyiyah Klaten and 40 participants from Hospital of (RS) PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul were involved. They are top managers and employees from various fields of expertise. The results showed that the leadership and management skills (finance, human resources (HR), quality, medicine information systems and equipment) of top manager is (likert scale ≥ 3) while the middle and lower managers considered not sufficiently competent (likert scale ≥ 2). The Lack of competency and leadership skills of managers will affect to management of the organization, effectiveness of the organizational structure, planning, and monitoring at every stage of management. It can be conclude that hospital manager competencies are still basic and need to be upgraded in some aspects.

The Contemporary Agrarian Change in Rice Production Village in Klaten Regency, Central Java


Authors: Muhammad Musiyam ; Sugeng Utaya ; Singgih Susilo ; Budi Handoyo
Pages: 16-22
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.16.22
Abstract
Rural Java areas underwent significant changes during the last 20 years due to increasing education and health level and improving transportation and communication infrastructure, but researches on agricultural transformation, especially rice farming in Java, was limited. This study aimed at understanding the structure of land ownership and tenure, and the changing of land tenure institutional system in wetland farming, in its relation to the contemporary demographic change in the Javanese rural areas. The research was conducted in Kauman Village, Klaten Regency, Central Java. There were 307 farmer households in the village. The samples of 52 farmer households were taken randomly. Data collection used questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 52 respondents and 6 key informants. The analysis was carried out by comparing the data before the green revolution and 2016 data. The results of the study were as follows. Firstly, the number of landless farmers was very large (60 percent). Despite the green revolution, the proportion of this group had been already high before the green revolution program was intensified. Secondly, the level of land ownership disparity was moderate and tended toward equity due to the continuity of land ownership fragmentation through land inheritance processes, and no land ownership concentration occurred on the basis of agricultural land purchase. Thirdly, the level of inequality of land tenure was moderate and even close to low, and tended toward equity as the number of land tenants was much greater than the land owners. Fourthly, the bargaining position of the land tenants tended to be stronger than the land owners due to the declining attraction of agricultural work as a source of employment.

Factors Affecting the Student’s Study Habit


Authors: Fershie D. Yap
Pages: 9-15
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.9.15
Abstract
Good study habits are the gateway to a successful achievement in studies. A good study habit towards any subject is a combination of discipline, passion and strong will to achieve a better academic performance. This study aimed to determine the effect of study habits of Accountancy students in Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (RMTU) towards their academic performance. The study utilized a descriptive and inferential research design with the questionnaire as the main instrument in data gathering. Quota and convenient sampling were used in selecting the fifty Accountancy students. It was found out that there was a significant difference in sex and age in terms of time management and age alone in terms of teaching strategies and has a significant difference between study habits and academic performance. An intervention was developed which will serve as a guide for the students to learn on how to manage time effectively.

Analysis of the Inequality on Inter-regional and Inter-time Income Distribution in Indonesia


Authors: Tri Wahyuningsih ; Mohammad Bugis ; Saidna Zulfiqar Bin-Tahir
Pages: 1-8
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.51.1.8
Abstract
This study aimed at measuring the level of inequality income distribution and its development in Indonesia. It employed the quantitative method by selecting data from the statistic center of Indonesia purposively. The data have been analyzed using path analysis. The results yield the following conclusions: First, the inequality of income distribution between islands in Indonesia is classified as medium and high inequality. The highest inequality in income distribution is in Java, while the lowest income distribution inequality is in Kalimantan; Second, provinces with lower levels of inequality in income distribution in Indonesia are the provinces of Riau, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, West Java, Banten, Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and West Papua. Provinces with increasing inequality in income distribution are South Sumatra Province, DKI Jakarta, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, and North Maluku; Third, Sulawesi is the island with the highest level of income distribution inequality in rural and urban areas, while in Java, it has the highest level of distribution inequality in urban areas. Maluku and Papua are the islands with the highest level of distribution inequality in rural areas but they have a low level of inequality in urban areas. Besides, the island of Kalimantan also has a level of inequality of low-income distribution in rural areas. There is a significant difference in the Gini index between urban and rural areas in Indonesia, where urban areas have a high level of distribution inequality compared to rural areas; Fourth, there are significant Gini index differences before regional autonomy and after regional autonomy in Indonesia, where high-income disparities occurred after regional autonomy compared to the era before regional autonomy.